{"id":1176,"date":"2019-08-05T06:53:30","date_gmt":"2019-08-05T06:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/?p=1176"},"modified":"2019-08-05T06:53:32","modified_gmt":"2019-08-05T06:53:32","slug":"directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/","title":{"rendered":"All About Directors Liability in Cheque Bounce Case"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cheque bounce or dishonour of cheque is a very common phenomenon where a cheque is returned by the bank without being encashed due to several reasons like insufficient funds, mismatch of signature, etc. It has been defined under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. This section stipulates that anyone who is guilty of cheque bounce will be punishable with imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The main question which\narises here is that when companies issue cheque and it bounces, who is\nresponsible, is the company or the directors? In this article, we will deal\nwith this question and also go into the concept of cheque bounce and its\nremedies also.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Why_does_a_cheque_bounce\" title=\"Why does a cheque bounce?\">Why does a cheque bounce?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Legal_Framework_in_case_of_cheque_bounce_and_liability_of_directors\" title=\"Legal Framework in case of cheque bounce and\nliability of directors\">Legal Framework in case of cheque bounce and\nliability of directors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Directors_or_Independent_Directors_Liability_in_Cheque_Bounce_Case-_An_in-depth_study\" title=\"Directors or Independent Director\u2019s Liability in Cheque Bounce Case- An in-depth study\">Directors or Independent Director\u2019s Liability in Cheque Bounce Case- An in-depth study<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Exceptions\" title=\"Exceptions\">Exceptions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Case_Laws\" title=\"Case Laws\">Case Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Legal_Remedies_for_the_dishonour_of_cheque\" title=\"Legal Remedies for the dishonour of\ncheque\">Legal Remedies for the dishonour of\ncheque<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_a_cheque_bounce\"><\/span><strong>Why does a cheque bounce?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A cheque can bounce due to many reasons, be it intentional or unintentional. Some of the reasons for cheque bounce are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"555\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-96.png\" alt=\"Reasons for cheque bounce\" class=\"wp-image-1177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-96.png 555w, https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-96-300x155.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Framework_in_case_of_cheque_bounce_and_liability_of_directors\"><\/span><strong>Legal Framework in case of cheque bounce and\nliability of directors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/in\/cheque-bounce-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Dishonour of cheque (opens in a new tab)\">Dishonour of cheque<\/a> is a criminal offence under section 138 of the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881. It stipulates a maximum imprisonment of two years, fine which maybe double the amount of cheque or both. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Act further under section\n141 states that when a company commits the offence of cheque bounce, it shall\nbe prosecuted along with all the people who were in charge and conducting the\nbusiness of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So now the question arises, what is the liability of directors and independent directors in cheque bounce of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directors_or_Independent_Directors_Liability_in_Cheque_Bounce_Case-_An_in-depth_study\"><\/span><strong>Directors or Independent Director\u2019s Liability in Cheque Bounce Case- An in-depth study<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Directors\nhave a fiduciary position in the company, and they have to manage the affairs\nof the company. Their liability arises because of their position as an officer\nor agent of the company and also because they are in the position of the\ntrustees. Whereas an independent director is not charged with the day to day\naffairs of the company, but they are involved in the decision-making\nactivities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\nlook from the purview of section 138, when a company commits such an offence,\nthe open doors towards vicarious liability. Section 141 states every person who\nwas in charge and responsible for conducting business at the time of the offence\nwill be guilty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mca.gov.in\/SearchableActs\/Section149.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"section 149(12) of the Companies Act (opens in a new tab)\">section 149(12) of the Companies Act<\/a>, states that a director will not be liable if the offence is committed without his knowledge.\u00a0 Furthermore, it stated that an independent director could not be made liable for the acts of the company except in limited circumstances which had occurred with his knowledge and consent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a\ncomplaint is filed against the company for cheque bounce, it is very common to\narraign the directors of the company. All the directors have to face prosecution.\nThe Courts have from time and again been cautious while interpreting both\nsection 138 as well as the Negotiable Instrument Act to ensure that only those\ndirectors are prosecuted who handled day to day affairs of the company. If a\ndirector was not in charge of the company, then he will not be liable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/in\/cheque-bounce-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Get-Legal-Advice-for-Cheque-Bounce-in-India.png\" alt=\"Get Legal Advice for Cheque Bounce in India\" class=\"wp-image-1211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Get-Legal-Advice-for-Cheque-Bounce-in-India.png 750w, https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Get-Legal-Advice-for-Cheque-Bounce-in-India-300x36.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exceptions\"><\/span><strong>Exceptions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A director will not be\nliable to punishment for cheque bounce if the offence was committed without his\nknowledge, and he exercised due diligence for avoiding such circumstances, he\nwas suffering from prolonged illness and was not involved in the day to day\nactivity, he resigned before the bouncing of the cheque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-97.png\" alt=\"Liability of directors in cheque bounce\" class=\"wp-image-1179\" width=\"588\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-97.png 509w, https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screenshot-97-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Laws\"><\/span><strong>Case Laws<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0Supreme Court had said that all directors who are involved in the day-to-day running of a company would be made liable for a bounced cheque, but not one who resigned before the cheque was issued. The top Court said this while dealing with a case filed by a private company that had lent money to another.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Bhardwaj Thirvenkata Venkatavaraghavan v PVR\nLtd<\/em>, the main question before the Delhi High Court was that whether a\nnon-executive nominee director of the company who has issued the cheque will be\nresponsible for the cheque bounce. The Court reiterated that in order to be\nprosecuted for cheque bounce, the person should be responsible for the day to\nday activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Remedies_for_the_dishonour_of_cheque\"><\/span><strong>Legal Remedies for the dishonour of\ncheque<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Legal Notice for Cheque Bounce<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When cheque bounces, the payee should send a <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/in\/cheque-bounce-notice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"legal notice (opens in a new tab)\">legal notice<\/a> to the drawer for making the payment. It should mention that legal proceedings will be initiated if payment is not complete. It is advisable to hire expert lawyers for drafting the legal notice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Complaint <\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If the company has failed to make the payment within the\nsaid period, the payee will file a complaint in the Court within 30 days along\nwith with the original cheque, the return memo from the bank, copy of the legal\nnotice and an affidavit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence, when the question of <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/in\/cheque-bounce-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"directors liability of cheque bounce (opens in a new tab)\">directors liability of cheque bounce<\/a> arises, the burden of proof lies on the complainant for proving the liability of the director in cheque bounce. He has to prove that the director was responsible for the day to day affairs of the company. But if the director is Managing or Joint Managing Director, or signatory to the bounced cheque he will be liable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information on the directors liability in cheque bounce, and <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"director disqualification (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/in\/removal-directors-disqualification\" target=\"_blank\">director disqualification<\/a> contact our team of experts on LawyerINC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cheque bounce or dishonour of cheque is a very common phenomenon where a cheque is returned by the bank without being encashed due to several reasons like insufficient funds, mismatch of signature, etc. It has been defined under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. This section stipulates that anyone who is guilty of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>All About Directors Liability in Cheque Bounce Case - LawyerINC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The liability of directors in cheque bounce is dealt under section 138 and 141 of the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881.SC answers qustion on liability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lawyerinc.net\/learning\/directors-liability-in-cheque-bounce-case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"All About Directors Liability in Cheque Bounce Case - 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